Scholarship Index
Articles & Summaries
Every article carries a plain-language summary so practitioners can move fast and scholars can go deep. Full texts appear in the bound journal volumes.
All articles
Salt Typhoon and the Law of Cyber Espionage: Sovereignty, Attribution, and the Limits of International Law
The intrusion campaign attributed to the Chinese state-sponsored threat actor known as Salt Typhoon — which compromised the networks of at least nine major U.S. telecommunications carriers and reportedly accessed the…
Cyber Insurance and Corporate Risk in Cybercrime
Cybercrime now imposes direct financial, operational, and reputational costs on companies across every sector. Ransomware, business email compromise, supply chain infiltration, and data theft no longer represent…
Regulating Dual Use AI in Cyber Operations
Artificial intelligence now drives many core cybersecurity functions. Machine learning systems detect anomalies, triage alerts, and predict intrusion patterns. These same technologies can also automate vulnerability…
Comparative Cyber Incident Response
State linked cyber incidents create unique legal and operational pressures. A ransomware event by a criminal gang raises hard questions. A suspected state linked intrusion raises harder ones. Governments want rapid…
Cyber Countermeasures by Private Actors
State linked cyber operations now target private infrastructure with regularity. Energy grids, telecommunications networks, financial institutions, and cloud providers serve as both economic assets and strategic…
AI Cyber Threats and the Future of Cybersecurity Law
Artificial intelligence and related emerging technologies are rapidly reshaping the cyber threat landscape. Both malicious actors and defenders increasingly rely on automated systems to conduct analyze and respond to…
Cyber Warfare Legal Frameworks and International Law
Cyber operations have become a central instrument of state power shaping modern conflict deterrence and diplomacy. Unlike traditional kinetic warfare cyber operations often occur below the threshold of armed conflict…
Digital Surveillance Privacy and Civil Liberties in the Cyber Age
Digital surveillance and civil liberties are now in direct tension as governments expand data collection capabilities for national security and cyber defense purposes. Advances in computing power data analytics and…
AI-Powered Phishing: Regulating Social-Engineering Campaigns
Artificial intelligence has enhanced phishing scams by enabling malicious actors to generate personalized, context-aware messages on an unprecedented level. Instead of generic mass emails, AI-powered phishing models…
Tallinn Manual 3.0: Sovereignty and Attribution in 2025
The Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations has served as the leading guide for interpreting how international law applies in the cyberspace. However, the technological and…
Internet Communication Blackout: Attack Under Non-International Armed Conflict?
This article explores the legal framework surrounding internet communication blackouts during non-international armed conflicts, particularly in the context of the 2011 Egyptian uprising.
Is Uncle Sam Stalking You? Abandoning Warrantless Electronic Surveillance to Preclude Intrusive Government Searches
This legal article argues that warrantless electronic surveillance by the government, even for national security purposes, violates the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches.
Cyber Redux: The Schmitt Analysis, Tallinn Manual and US Cyber Policy
This article examines the state of international law governing cyber operations, particularly those involving state actors.
Is Cyber Espionage a Form of Market Manipulation?
This article explores the nature of cyber espionage and its potential impact on U.S. markets.
Cyber Attacks and the Laws of War
This article analyzes the challenges and complexities of applying international law to the emerging field of cyber warfare.
A New Perspective on the Achievement of Psychological Effects from Cyber Warfare Payloads: The Analogy of Parasitic Manipulation of Host Behavior
This paper examines the potential of using a parasitological analogy to understand how cyber warfare payloads can affect human behavior and decision-making.
Autonomous Weapon Systems and the Inadequacies of Existing Law: The Case for a New Treaty
This article discusses the legal and ethical challenges posed by the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS), which are weapons capable of selecting and engaging targets without human intervention.
Targeting in the Cyber Domain: Legal Challenges Arising from the Application of the Principle of Distinction to Cyber Attacks
This article examines the legal challenges of applying international humanitarian law to cyber warfare. It specifically focuses on the principle of distinction, which dictates that combatants and civilian populations…
Cyberwarfare: Attribution, Preemption, and National Self Defense
The article explores the legal framework for cyber warfare, arguing that existing international law, which focuses on traditional warfare, is inadequate to address the unique aspects of cyberattacks.
If You Wish Cyber Peace, Prepare for Cyber War: The Need for the Federal Government to Protect Critical Infrastructure From Cyber Warfare
This article argues that cyber warfare poses a serious threat to the United States and its critical infrastructure. It highlights the evolution of cyber attacks from hacking to cybercrime and cyberterrorism…
No More Humans? Cybernetically-Enhanced Soldiers Under the Legal Review of Article 36
This article discusses the legal implications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) on the battlefield, specifically focusing on the potential use of these technologies to enhance soldiers and control weapons remotely.
Resilience, Perseverance and Fortitude: Lessons from My Parents
Rhea Siers, a lawyer and expert in cyber policy, uses the stories of her Holocaust survivor parents to argue that resilience, perseverance, and fortitude are still vital in the current cyber age.
Responding to the Call for a Digital Geneva Convention: An Open Letter to Brad Smith and the Technology Community
The article analyzes Brad Smith’s, President of Microsoft, call for a “Digital Geneva Convention” to address the increasing problem of state-sponsored cyberattacks.
The Ransomware Assault on the Healthcare Sector
This article examines the growing threat of ransomware attacks on the healthcare industry. It highlights the vulnerabilities created by the transition to electronic health records (EHRs), which makes valuable personal…
The Internet of Things (IoT) in a Post-Pandemic World
This paper examines the Internet of Things (IoT) and its potential to address global challenges such as food insecurity, climate change, and healthcare disparities.
Legal Considerations on Cyber-Weapons and Their Definition
This article from the Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare examines the concept of cyber-weapons and attempts to establish a legal definition for them. The author, Stefano Mele, argues that the rapid development of…