In plain terms
This foreword by Daniel B. Garrie, opening the inaugural issue of the Journal of Law and Cyber Warfare, raises the evidentiary problem underlying efforts to classify cyber incidents as acts of war. Garrie contrasts historical examples of war and war crimes -- the September 11 attacks, the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the Holocaust, and the use of poison gas -- each of which left physical evidence such as DNA, radiation signatures, witnesses, bullets, or gas residue, with cyber warfare, where the analogous evidence is described only as a binary string. The piece frames this contrast as the starting point for asking what counts as proof in cyber warfare and, by extension, how such incidents should be classified under the laws of war.