9 articles on international law

JLCW · 2026 · §INTL-LAW01

Salt Typhoon and the Law of Cyber Espionage: Sovereignty, Attribution, and the Limits of International Law

The intrusion campaign attributed to the Chinese state-sponsored threat actor known as Salt Typhoon — which compromised the networks of at least nine major U.S. telecommunications carriers and reportedly accessed the…

JLCW Research DeskJuly 17, 2026
JLCW · 2026 · §INTL-LAW02

Cyber Warfare Legal Frameworks and International Law

Cyber operations have become a central instrument of state power shaping modern conflict deterrence and diplomacy. Unlike traditional kinetic warfare cyber operations often occur below the threshold of armed conflict…

JLCW EditorJanuary 2, 2026
JLCW · 2025 · §INTL-LAW03

Tallinn Manual 3.0: Sovereignty and Attribution in 2025

The Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations has served as the leading guide for interpreting how international law applies in the cyberspace. However, the technological and…

JLCW EditorJuly 22, 2025
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW04

Internet Communication Blackout: Attack Under Non-International Armed Conflict?

This article explores the legal framework surrounding internet communication blackouts during non-international armed conflicts, particularly in the context of the 2011 Egyptian uprising.

Cassondra MixOctober 22, 2024
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW05

Cyber Redux: The Schmitt Analysis, Tallinn Manual and US Cyber Policy

This article, published in the Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare , examines the state of international law governing cyber operations, particularly those involving state actors.

James E. McGheeOctober 17, 2024
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW06

Targeting in the Cyber Domain: Legal Challenges Arising from the Application of the Principle of Distinction to Cyber Attacks

This document is an academic article that examines the legal challenges of applying international humanitarian law to cyber warfare . It specifically focuses on the principle of distinction, which dictates that…

Elizabeth MavropoulouOctober 16, 2024
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW07

Cyberwarfare: Attribution, Preemption, and National Self Defense

The article explores the legal framework for cyber warfare, arguing that existing international law, which focuses on traditional warfare, is inadequate to address the unique aspects of cyberattacks.

John Dever and James DeverOctober 16, 2024
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW08

No More Humans? Cybernetically-Enhanced Soldiers Under the Legal Review of Article 36

This article discusses the legal implications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) on the battlefield, specifically focusing on the potential use of these technologies to enhance soldiers and control weapons remotely.

Thibault MoulinOctober 16, 2024
JLCW · 2024 · §INTL-LAW09

Responding to the Call for a Digital Geneva Convention: An Open Letter to Brad Smith and the Technology Community

The article analyzes Brad Smith’s, President of Microsoft, call for a “Digital Geneva Convention” to address the increasing problem of state-sponsored cyberattacks.

David Wallace & Mark VisgerOctober 16, 2024

More topics: Cyber Warfare, Cyber Weapons, Cyber Terrorism, Private Sector.

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