JLCW Editor, Author at Journal Of Law & Cyber Warfare

AI and Emerging Technologies in Cyber Threats and Cybersecurity Law

Artificial intelligence and related emerging technologies are rapidly reshaping the cyber threat landscape. Both malicious actors and defenders increasingly rely on automated systems to conduct analyze and respond to cyber operations. While these technologies offer significant benefits they also expose limitations in existing legal frameworks that were not designed for autonomous or semi autonomous systems. […]

Legal and Policy Frameworks Governing Cyber Warfare

Cyber operations have become a central instrument of state power shaping modern conflict deterrence and diplomacy. Unlike traditional kinetic warfare cyber operations often occur below the threshold of armed conflict and exploit ambiguity in existing legal frameworks. Applying international law to cyber warfare presents complex challenges that demand careful legal and policy analysis. Application of […]

Surveillance Privacy and Civil Liberties in the Digital Age

Introduction Digital surveillance and civil liberties are now in direct tension as governments expand data collection capabilities for national security and cyber defense purposes.Advances in computing power data analytics and networked technologies have enabled governments to collect process and analyze vast quantities of digital information at unprecedented scale. While these capabilities are often justified as […]

AI‑Powered Phishing at Scale: Regulating Automated Social‑Engineering Campaigns

Introduction Artificial intelligence has enhanced phishing scams by enabling malicious actors to generate personalized, context‑aware messages on an unprecedented level. Instead of generic mass emails, AI-powered phishing models can craft highly targeted lures that mimic writing styles derived from public profiles, increasing click‑through rates and enabling deeper compromise. Traditional anti‑phishing laws and regulations struggle to […]

Tallinn Manual 3.0: Sovereignty and Attribution in 2025 Cyber Warfare

Introduction The Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations has served as the leading guide for interpreting how international law applies in the cyberspace. However, the technological and geopolitical developments of the past two years have exposed its limitations. Nation-state conflicts involving large-scale cyber operations, such as the UK facing coordinated […]